苏州河上海市区段表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布及特征

参照美国EPA8000系列方法、质量保证和质量控制,对苏州河上海市区段的表层沉积物中16种优控多环芳烃类有机物(PAHs)进行了分析.结果表明,苏州河上海市区段的表层沉积物均受到了很大程度的污染,其中处于市区中段的昌化路桥、西康路桥和长寿路桥断面的PAHs含量较高,处于黄浦江入口附近的四川路桥、河南路桥和福建路桥断面的含量较低.同时发现,近十几年来苏州河沉积物中的PAHs含量和成分发生了一定的变化,对其原因作了初步探讨.     

近十年京杭运河苏州段底泥重金属生态风险分析

采用Hakonson生态风险指数法对京杭运河苏州段近十年来底泥重金属污染进行评价，对其空间分布和时间分布规律进行了分析。结果表明，京杭运河苏州段重金属为低生态风险等级，汞和镉为主要的生态风险因子，城区老运河段重金属生态风险指数最高。近十年来，京杭运河苏州段底泥重金属潜在生态风险指数呈下降趋势，重金属污染得到有效的控制。     

高度城市化区域土地利用结构演化与驱动因素分析——以苏州市为例

分析高度城市化区域土地利用结构演化以及驱动因素，可为优化区域未来的土地利用结构、促进土地资源的保护和高效利用提供科学依据。采用1998～2008年苏州市土地利用变更调查数据，运用土地利用数量变化、程度变化和空间变化等指标测算模型分析土地利用演化规律。结果表明：1998～2008年，苏州市耕地面积显著减少，农业结构调整明显；居民点及独立工矿用地面积急剧增加，与耕地减少呈显著负相关；土地利用程度综合指数逐年提升；苏州全域耕地、园地、城市用地相对变化率最大的均为昆山市，建制镇和独立工矿用地相对变化率最大的分别是张家港市和吴江市；利用主成分分析法对影响土地利用结构演化的人文因素进行了分析，得出驱动因素主要为：人口增长、经济发展、工业化和城镇化水平。走集约型城市化道路，实现“效率型”土地利用模式，注重社会、经济、生态效益相结合是今后土地利用努力的方向     

Elements Influencing Cost Allocation in the Pinal Creek Aquifer,Arizona, USA: An Introduction and Synopsis of Findings

This article provides context for the ensuing three-part study published in this volume that describes quantitative allocation of mass metal loading to the 20 km groundwater plume in the Pinal Creek alluvial aquifer. The plume resulted from >75 years of copper ore leaching by ferric sulfate and sulfuric acid in the Globe-Miami mining district, Arizona. Geochemical fingerprinting, followed by spatial and temporal analysis of Pinal Creek monitoring well data, identified three distinct source areas and plumes. Each exhibited a unique chlorine-copper-iron chemical signature that resulted from differences in process geochemistry, ore mineralogy, and solution handling. As the acid plume advanced, carbonate buffering capacity was consumed, with concomitant precipitation of metal oxyhydroxides that evolved into acid-bearing aluminum and iron cements. Column experiments, geochemical modeling, and empirical data indicate that dissolution of the residual acidic precipitates will result in asymptotic reductions in metal concentrations, which will affect response costs for up to 140 years after initiation of remedial pumping in the late 1980s. Finally, metal loading to the alluvial aquifer was quantified for each source area using Darcy's Law or flow data combined with the sum of aluminum, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc, which constitute >99% of the total metal mass. Based on this analysis, to date Webster Gulch contributed 94% of the loading, Upper Bloody Tanks Wash contributed 5%, and the Miami Unit contributed 1%. A sensitivity analysis that varied all parameters in the loading calculation by ±20% resulted in only small differences in allocation (±1%) because the large mass released from Webster Gulch (618 kt of metal) dominates the overall allocation.     

Speciative determination of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in dyeing waste water of Dil Creek discharge to Izmit Gulf (Izmit-Kocaeli, Turkey) by ICP-AES

Wastewater pollution in industrial areas is one of the most important environmental problems. Heavy metal pollution, especially chromium pollution in wastewater sources from dyeing and tannery has affected the life on earth. This pollution can affect all ecosystems and human health directly or by food chain. Therefore, the determination of chromium in this study is of great importance. Dil Creek is located in the eastern Marmara region and discharges into the Izmit Gulf. This water source is used for irrigation in agriculture and as drinking water for animals. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and selective method for the speciative direct determination of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in dyeing waste water samples collected from the nearest station to Izmit Gulf of Dil Creek in May 2006 by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been developed. An analysis of a given sample is completed in about 15 min for ICP-AES the method. As the result of the chromium analysis, the limit of quantification (LOQ) for the Cr (III), Cr (VI) and total Cr were founded as 0.0111 ± 0.0002 mg/l (RSD, 1.80%), 0.0592 ± 0.0010 mg/l (RSD, 1.70%) and 0.0703 ± 0.0020 mg/l (RSD, 2.84%) respectively. In addition, the general mathematical formula has been developed to calculate the concentration of Cr(III), which can be applied to any other metal species. The result of Cr (VI) analysis indicated that water quality of Creek was IV. class quality according to the inland water classification. In order to validate the applied method, recovery studies were performed.     

江苏省不同典型生态示范区土壤中多环芳烃污染调查

对江苏省南京和苏州12个典型生态示范区土壤中多环芳烃污染现状进行了凋查。结果表明，生态示范区土壤中多环芳烃污染程度随土地利用类型不同而污染程度有所不同，以工业用地为主的土壤中多环芳烃含量明显高于以农业用地为主的土壤，其总量呈现出由工业区用地到蔬菜瓜果用地逐渐降低的趋势。2个示范区4环及其以上PAH含量明显高于2环-3环PAH，主要为石化燃料高温燃烧造成；而以农业为主的蔬菜生产基地等，多环芳烃主要来源于石油类污染。     

基于旅游动机的入境旅游者感知形象和行为特征差异——以苏州市为例

不同旅游动机所表现出的市场特征差异性,对开发适应市场需求的旅游产品以及促进旅游市场发展具有重要意义。通过市场抽样调查方法,分析苏州市入境旅游者5种旅游动机的旅游细分市场特征差异。结果表明,一是不同旅游动机的游客群体对苏州感知形象差异明显;二是不同旅游动机在旅游信息渠道、出游方式、停留时间和旅游消费等4个方面的旅游行为存在一定差异。最后根据差异性提出科学合理的旅游市场开发措施。     

Lagrangian Sampling for Emerging Contaminants Through an Urban Stream Corridor in Colorado1

Abstract: Recent national concerns regarding the environmental occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) have catalyzed a series of recent studies. Many ECs are released into the environment through discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and other sources. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey and the City of Longmont initiated an investigation of selected ECs in a 13.8‐km reach of St. Vrain Creek, Colorado. Seven sites were sampled for ECs following a Lagrangian design; sites were located upstream, downstream, and in the outfall of the Longmont WWTP, and at the mouths of two tributaries, Left Hand Creek and Boulder Creek (which is influenced by multiple WWTP outfalls). Samples for 61 ECs in 16 chemical use categories were analyzed and 36 were detected in one or more samples. Of these, 16 have known or suspected endocrine‐disrupting potential. At and downstream from the WWTP outfall, detergent metabolites, fire retardants, and steroids were detected at the highest concentrations, which commonly exceeded 1 μg/l in 2005 and 2 μg/l in 2006. Most individual ECs were measured at concentrations less than 2 μg/l. The results indicate that outfalls from WWTPs are the largest but may not be the sole source of ECs in St. Vrain Creek. In 2005, high discharge was associated with fewer EC detections, lower total EC concentrations, and smaller EC loads in St. Vrain Creek and its tributaries as compared with 2006. EC behavior differed by individual compound, and some differences between sites could be attributed to analytical variability or to other factors such as physical or chemical characteristics or distance from contributing sources. Loads of some ECs, such as diethoxynonylphenol, accumulated or attenuated depending on location, discharge, and distance downstream from the WWTP, whereas others, such as bisphenol A, were largely conservative. The extent to which ECs in St. Vrain Creek affect native fish species and macroinvertebrate communities is unknown, but recent studies have shown that fish respond to very low concentrations of ECs, and further study on the fate and transport of these contaminants in the aquatic environment is warranted.     

节事活动对苏州“东方水城”形象推广效应的分析——以“金鸡百花奖”落户苏州为例

通过市场抽样调查方法,以"金鸡百花奖"评奖基地永久落户苏州为例,分析了游客对苏州"东方水城"旅游新形象推广的效应感知,并在此基础上对节事活动效应的可持续发展进行了分析.研究结果表明,"金鸡百花奖"评奖基地永久落户苏州,推动苏州的经济增长、吸引更多旅游者来苏州和丰富苏州市民的文化生活是推动苏州最主要的方面.同时,通过整合与水有关的节事活动,有助于游客认知和宣传苏州的水城形象,延长游客停留时间.     

苏州地区硬粘土粒度和元素地球化学特征及其环境意义

长江三角洲晚更新世硬质粘土地层对于认识该区域晚更新世环境变化、现代工程建设等均具有重要意义,而其成因尚存较大争议。本文通过对苏州地区葑亭大道钻孔硬粘土地层样品进行粒度与元素地球化学分析,探讨其成因与古环境指示意义。结果表明:(1)苏州地区硬粘土平均粒径为5.2~7.1Φ,以粉砂颗粒为主,中、细粉砂颗粒含量在65%以上,频率曲线呈双峰分布,粒度谱分布为正偏态,分选较差;(2)环境判别显示其为风成堆积物,与南京、镇江下蜀黄土分布特征相似;(3)元素分析显示,硬粘土出现不同程度Na、P元素亏损和Mn、Al元素富集,化学风化作用处于中等风化阶段;(4)硬粘土层的上段和下段在粒度和元素特征上有明显区别,下段粒度明显偏粗,风化程度相对较弱。